Network Media
Network media, also called as network cable is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it moves from one component to another. It is used to connect one network device to other network device or to connect two or more computers to share printers, scanners, etc.
Different types of Network Media
1. Twisted
Pair – A type of
cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet
networks. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the
noise generated by adjacent pairs.
Two basic types of twisted-pair cable
A. Unshielded
Twisted Pair (UTP)
-
A
medium that is composed of pairs of wires. Each of the eight individual coppers
wires in a UTP cable is covered by an insulating material, the wires in each
pair are twisted around each other. UTP cable often is installed using a
Registered Jack 45 (RJ45) connector.
-
B. Shielded
Twisted Pair (STP)
-
A
cable with each pair of wires is wrapped in a metallic foil. The four pairs of
wires then are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil usually 150-ohm
cable. STP cabling also uses the same RJ connectors that UTP uses.
2. Coaxial
Cable – A cable
consists of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner
wire made of two conducting elements. One of these elements is located in the
center of the cable, is a copper conductor. Coaxial cable supports 10 to
100mbps and is relatively inexpensive. Coaxial cable can be used over longer
distance that twisted-pair cable.
3. Fiber-optic
Cable – Used for
networking consists of two fibers encased in separate sheaths. The Kevlar
Reinforcing Material furnishes additional cushioning and protection for the
fragile, hair-thin glass fibers. The light-guiding parts of an optical fiber
are called the core and the cladding. The core is usually very pure glass with
a high index of refraction. Fiber-optic is the most expensive network media, it
supports line speeds of more than 1Gbps.
Two types of fiber-optic cable:
A. Single-mode
– Allow only one mode
or wavelength of light to propagate through the fiber. It is capable of higher
bandwidth and greater distances than multimode, and it is often used for campus
backbone and is much more expensive too. Its maximum cable length is more that
10km or 32,808.4 feet.
B. Multimode
– Allows multiple modes
of light to propagate through the fiber. It used light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
as a light-generating device. Its maximum length is 2km or 6,561.7 feet.
4. Wireless
Communication – Uses
radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves to transmit data between devices
on a LAN. Wireless signal are electromagnetic waves that can travel through the
vacuum of outer space and through a medium such as air. Therefore, no physical
medium is necessary for wireless signals, making them a very versatile way to
build a network. Wireless frequencies range from 3 kilohertz(kHz) to 300 gigahertz
(GHz).
Another
common application of wireless data communication is the wireless LAN (WLAN),
which is built in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards. WLANs typically use radio waves, microwaves
and IR waves for communication.
Now you have the knowledge on the different network media.
Check on the next part of this lesson to explore more and learn how to create your own computer network cable!
UTP Cable Wiring
1.
Straight-through
Cable Wiring – Used to connect two different layer devices. It is commonly used
to connect a server/router to a client computer. Both ends of the wire can be
T-568A or T-568B.
2.
Crossover
Cable Wiring – Used to connect two like devices. Most commonly used to connect
to computers directly. One end of the wire follows T-568A standards and the
other end is T-568B.
Network Cable Standards
1.
T-568A
Pin 1 – White Green
Pin 2 – Green
Pin 3 – White Orange
Pin 4 – Blue
Pin 5 – White Blue
Pin 6 – Orange
Pin 7 White Brown
Pin 8 – Brown
2.
T-568B
Pin 1 – White Orange
Pin 2 – Orange
Pin 3 – White Green
Pin 4 – Blue
Pin 5 – White Blue
Pin 6 – Green
Pin 7 White Brown
Pin 8 – Brown
How to Make a Network Cable?
1. Unroll the required length of network cable and
add a little extra wire, just in case.
2. Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable
using crimping tool.
3. Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or
scrapes that expose the copper wire inside.
4. Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between
your fingers.
5. Arrange the wires based on the network cable
standards as shown in the picture.
For Straight-through use T568A or T568B on
both ends.
For Crossover use T568A on one end and
T568B on the other end.
6. Press all the wires flat and parallel between
your thumb and forefinger. Then cut it straight carefully into the crimping
tool.
7. Keep the wires flat and in order as you push
them into the RJ45 plug with the flat surface of the plug on top.
8. Stick the connector into the crimping part of
the crimping tool and squeeze it. Remove the cable from the tool and check that
all of the pins are down.
9. Repeat the process with the other end of the
cable.
10. Using the LAN Tester, test the cable and make
sure that all the light indicator is on.
LEARNING
COMPETENCY WITH CODE:
LO 1. Install network cables | TLE_IACSS9- 12SUCN-IVa-j-33
1.9 Perform copper cable splicing based
on Electronic Industries Alliance / Telecommunications Industry Association
(EIA/TIA) standards
DOWNLOAD THE LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET HERE:
Click >> Learning Activity LAS Network Media and Cable Splicing
Watch the video here:
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